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The 1.9-litre CDTi engines have all the typical features of a classic diesel engine. With a ratio of 82 mm bore to 90.4 mm stroke, it is a moderately long-stroke design. The engine block is made of durable, weight-optimised grey cast iron. The engine owes much of its high output and torque to the Garrett turbocharger with a charge-air intercooler. Cylinder filling efficiency is improved by the variable geometry of the turbine blades that supply the exhaust gas to the turbocharger. The result is vigorous performance with powerful torque at low engine speeds, higher top-end performance and lower fuel consumption. Fuel feed to the cylinders is by a common rail system with pressure of up to 1600 bar. Engine noise, pollutant emissions and consumption are reduced by variable multiple injections before each power stroke. Multi-injection also contributes to smooth running. An electronic throttle also contributes to the diesel's responsiveness. It converts pressure on the accelerator pedal into data and supplies it to the fuel injection system. An on-board diagnostic system continuously monitors the exhaust. Pneumatically steered spin flaps in the intake port shift the fuel-air mixture at low revolutions in a controlled turbulence, providing efficient combustion and high torque.